vignettes/stopwords.Rmd
stopwords.RmdThis functions is still under development At this time you can generate a stopwords list in Portuguese and English.
But none is categorized allowing a more fine grained control of the words by grammar categories.
Choose the language and which grammar tags use to generate a stopword
list. The lang parameter uses the two word designation, and
the cat designs the grammar category following Penn
Treebank. See here
| POS Tag | Description | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CC | coordinating conjunction | and | |
| CD | cardinal number | one, third | |
| DT | determiner | the | |
| EX | existential | there there is | |
| PP | pronoum | me, you, he, she, it, we, they | |
| PPZ | pronoum | ||
| UH | interjection | oops! | |
| V | verb | are be have | variations of verbs to be, have, |
gen_stopwords()
#> [1] "e" "ou" "mas" "que"
#> [5] "porque" "por que" "porquê" "por quê"
#> [9] "se" "como" "primeiro" "segundo"
#> [13] "terceiro" "quarto" "quinto" "sexto"
#> [17] "sétimo" "oitavo" "nono" "décimo"
#> [21] "vigésimo" "trigésimo" "quadrigésimo" "quinquagésimo"
#> [25] "sexagésimo" "septuagésimo" "setuagésimo" "octogésimo"
#> [29] "nonagésimo" "centésimo" "ducentésimo" "trecentésimo"
#> [33] "quadringentésimo" "quingentésimo" "seiscentésimo" "sexcentésimo"
#> [37] "septingentésimo" "setingentésimo" "octingentésimo" "nongentésimo"
#> [41] "milésimo" "milionésimo" "bilionésimo" "o"
#> [45] "a" "os" "as"
gen_stopwords(lang = "en", categories = "CC")
#> [1] "and" "but" "or" "for" "yet" "so"
gen_stopwords(lang = "pt", categories = "CC DT")
#> [1] "e" "ou" "mas" "que" "porque" "por que" "porquê"
#> [8] "por quê" "se" "como" "o" "a" "os" "as"
# to convert the list into a named vector
gen_stopwords(lang = "en", categories = "CC DT V")
#> [1] "and" "but" "or" "for" "yet" "so" "a" "the" "this"
#> [10] "am" "are" "is" "be" "can" "could" "did" "do" "have"
#> [19] "he" "it" "may" "might" "must" "need" "no" "not" "now"
#> [28] "of" "on" "she" "that" "to" "was" "were"
gen_stopwords(lang = "pt")
#> [1] "e" "ou" "mas" "que"
#> [5] "porque" "por que" "porquê" "por quê"
#> [9] "se" "como" "primeiro" "segundo"
#> [13] "terceiro" "quarto" "quinto" "sexto"
#> [17] "sétimo" "oitavo" "nono" "décimo"
#> [21] "vigésimo" "trigésimo" "quadrigésimo" "quinquagésimo"
#> [25] "sexagésimo" "septuagésimo" "setuagésimo" "octogésimo"
#> [29] "nonagésimo" "centésimo" "ducentésimo" "trecentésimo"
#> [33] "quadringentésimo" "quingentésimo" "seiscentésimo" "sexcentésimo"
#> [37] "septingentésimo" "setingentésimo" "octingentésimo" "nongentésimo"
#> [41] "milésimo" "milionésimo" "bilionésimo" "o"
#> [45] "a" "os" "as"
gen_stopwords(lang = "pt", categories = "V")
#> [1] "ser" "sou" "sois" "é" "és"
#> [6] "somos" "são" "era" "eram" "éramos"
#> [11] "serei" "será" "serão" "serás" "fui"
#> [16] "foste" "foi" "fomos" "fostes" "foram"
#> [21] "eras" "éreis" "seremos" "sereis" "seja"
#> [26] "sejam" "estar" "estou" "estás" "está"
#> [31] "estamos" "estais" "estão" "estive" "estiveste"
#> [36] "esteve" "estivemos" "estivestes" "estiveram" "estava"
#> [41] "estavas" "estávamos" "estáveis" "estavam" "estarei"
#> [46] "estarás" "estará" "estaremos" "estareis" "estarão"
#> [51] "esteja" "estejam" "ter" "tenham" "têem"
#> [56] "tenho" "tens" "tem" "temos" "tendes"
#> [61] "têm" "tive" "tiveste" "teve" "tivemos"
#> [66] "tivestes" "tiveram" "tinha" "tinhas" "tínhamos"
#> [71] "tínheis" "tinham" "terei" "terás" "terá"
#> [76] "teremos" "tereis" "terão" "teria" "teriam"
#> [81] "haver" "houve" "haveria" "haveriam" "hei"
#> [86] "hás" "há" "havemos" "haveis" "hão"
#> [91] "houver" "houveres" "houvermos" "houverdes" "houverem"
#> [96] "havia" "havias" "havíamos" "havíeis" "haviam"
#> [101] "haverei" "haverás" "haverá" "haveremos" "havereis"
#> [106] "haverão" "haja" "hajam" "houvera" "houveram"
#> [111] "houvesse" "ir" "vou" "vai" "vais"
#> [116] "vamos"With the vec parameter, it is possible to have three
different output formats: list, vector (default) and named vector.
gen_stopwords(lang = "pt", categories = "V", vec = "list")
#> $V
#> $V$ser
#> [1] "ser" "sou" "sois" "é" "és" "somos" "sois"
#> [8] "são" "era" "eram" "éramos" "serei" "será" "serão"
#> [15] "serás" "fui" "foste" "foi" "fomos" "fostes" "foram"
#> [22] "era" "eras" "era" "éramos" "éreis" "eram" "serei"
#> [29] "serás" "será" "seremos" "sereis" "serão" "seja" "sejam"
#>
#> $V$estar
#> [1] "estar" "estou" "estás" "está" "estamos"
#> [6] "estais" "estão" "estive" "estiveste" "esteve"
#> [11] "estivemos" "estivestes" "estiveram" "estava" "estavas"
#> [16] "estava" "estávamos" "estáveis" "estavam" "estarei"
#> [21] "estarás" "estará" "estaremos" "estareis" "estarão"
#> [26] "esteja" "estejam"
#>
#> $V$ter
#> [1] "ter" "tenham" "têem" "tenho" "tens" "tem"
#> [7] "temos" "tendes" "têm" "tive" "tiveste" "teve"
#> [13] "tivemos" "tivestes" "tiveram" "tinha" "tinhas" "tinha"
#> [19] "tínhamos" "tínheis" "tinham" "terei" "terás" "terá"
#> [25] "teremos" "tereis" "terão" "teria" "teriam"
#>
#> $V$haver
#> [1] "haver" "houve" "haveria" "haveriam" "hei" "hás"
#> [7] "há" "havemos" "haveis" "hão" "houver" "houveres"
#> [13] "houver" "houvermos" "houverdes" "houverem" "havia" "havias"
#> [19] "havia" "havíamos" "havíeis" "haviam" "haverei" "haverás"
#> [25] "haverá" "haveremos" "havereis" "haverão" "haja" "hajam"
#> [31] "houvera" "houveram" "houvesse"
#>
#> $V$ir
#> [1] "ir" "vou" "vai" "vais" "vamos" "fui" "foi" "fomos"
#>
#>
#> $<NA>
#> NULL
gen_stopwords(lang = "pt", categories = "V", vec = "vec")
#> [1] "ser" "sou" "sois" "é" "és"
#> [6] "somos" "são" "era" "eram" "éramos"
#> [11] "serei" "será" "serão" "serás" "fui"
#> [16] "foste" "foi" "fomos" "fostes" "foram"
#> [21] "eras" "éreis" "seremos" "sereis" "seja"
#> [26] "sejam" "estar" "estou" "estás" "está"
#> [31] "estamos" "estais" "estão" "estive" "estiveste"
#> [36] "esteve" "estivemos" "estivestes" "estiveram" "estava"
#> [41] "estavas" "estávamos" "estáveis" "estavam" "estarei"
#> [46] "estarás" "estará" "estaremos" "estareis" "estarão"
#> [51] "esteja" "estejam" "ter" "tenham" "têem"
#> [56] "tenho" "tens" "tem" "temos" "tendes"
#> [61] "têm" "tive" "tiveste" "teve" "tivemos"
#> [66] "tivestes" "tiveram" "tinha" "tinhas" "tínhamos"
#> [71] "tínheis" "tinham" "terei" "terás" "terá"
#> [76] "teremos" "tereis" "terão" "teria" "teriam"
#> [81] "haver" "houve" "haveria" "haveriam" "hei"
#> [86] "hás" "há" "havemos" "haveis" "hão"
#> [91] "houver" "houveres" "houvermos" "houverdes" "houverem"
#> [96] "havia" "havias" "havíamos" "havíeis" "haviam"
#> [101] "haverei" "haverás" "haverá" "haveremos" "havereis"
#> [106] "haverão" "haja" "hajam" "houvera" "houveram"
#> [111] "houvesse" "ir" "vou" "vai" "vais"
#> [116] "vamos"
gen_stopwords(lang = "pt", categories = "V", vec = "n_vec")
#> V.ser1 V.ser2 V.ser3 V.ser4 V.ser5 V.ser6
#> "ser" "sou" "sois" "é" "és" "somos"
#> V.ser7 V.ser8 V.ser9 V.ser10 V.ser11 V.ser12
#> "sois" "são" "era" "eram" "éramos" "serei"
#> V.ser13 V.ser14 V.ser15 V.ser16 V.ser17 V.ser18
#> "será" "serão" "serás" "fui" "foste" "foi"
#> V.ser19 V.ser20 V.ser21 V.ser22 V.ser23 V.ser24
#> "fomos" "fostes" "foram" "era" "eras" "era"
#> V.ser25 V.ser26 V.ser27 V.ser28 V.ser29 V.ser30
#> "éramos" "éreis" "eram" "serei" "serás" "será"
#> V.ser31 V.ser32 V.ser33 V.ser34 V.ser35 V.estar1
#> "seremos" "sereis" "serão" "seja" "sejam" "estar"
#> V.estar2 V.estar3 V.estar4 V.estar5 V.estar6 V.estar7
#> "estou" "estás" "está" "estamos" "estais" "estão"
#> V.estar8 V.estar9 V.estar10 V.estar11 V.estar12 V.estar13
#> "estive" "estiveste" "esteve" "estivemos" "estivestes" "estiveram"
#> V.estar14 V.estar15 V.estar16 V.estar17 V.estar18 V.estar19
#> "estava" "estavas" "estava" "estávamos" "estáveis" "estavam"
#> V.estar20 V.estar21 V.estar22 V.estar23 V.estar24 V.estar25
#> "estarei" "estarás" "estará" "estaremos" "estareis" "estarão"
#> V.estar26 V.estar27 V.ter1 V.ter2 V.ter3 V.ter4
#> "esteja" "estejam" "ter" "tenham" "têem" "tenho"
#> V.ter5 V.ter6 V.ter7 V.ter8 V.ter9 V.ter10
#> "tens" "tem" "temos" "tendes" "têm" "tive"
#> V.ter11 V.ter12 V.ter13 V.ter14 V.ter15 V.ter16
#> "tiveste" "teve" "tivemos" "tivestes" "tiveram" "tinha"
#> V.ter17 V.ter18 V.ter19 V.ter20 V.ter21 V.ter22
#> "tinhas" "tinha" "tínhamos" "tínheis" "tinham" "terei"
#> V.ter23 V.ter24 V.ter25 V.ter26 V.ter27 V.ter28
#> "terás" "terá" "teremos" "tereis" "terão" "teria"
#> V.ter29 V.haver1 V.haver2 V.haver3 V.haver4 V.haver5
#> "teriam" "haver" "houve" "haveria" "haveriam" "hei"
#> V.haver6 V.haver7 V.haver8 V.haver9 V.haver10 V.haver11
#> "hás" "há" "havemos" "haveis" "hão" "houver"
#> V.haver12 V.haver13 V.haver14 V.haver15 V.haver16 V.haver17
#> "houveres" "houver" "houvermos" "houverdes" "houverem" "havia"
#> V.haver18 V.haver19 V.haver20 V.haver21 V.haver22 V.haver23
#> "havias" "havia" "havíamos" "havíeis" "haviam" "haverei"
#> V.haver24 V.haver25 V.haver26 V.haver27 V.haver28 V.haver29
#> "haverás" "haverá" "haveremos" "havereis" "haverão" "haja"
#> V.haver30 V.haver31 V.haver32 V.haver33 V.ir1 V.ir2
#> "hajam" "houvera" "houveram" "houvesse" "ir" "vou"
#> V.ir3 V.ir4 V.ir5 V.ir6 V.ir7 V.ir8
#> "vai" "vais" "vamos" "fui" "foi" "fomos"To use only certain kinds of verbs, like only the
variations/conjugations of the Portuguese verb ser:
my_sw <- gen_stopwords("pt", "V", vec = "list")
my_sw$V$ser
#> [1] "ser" "sou" "sois" "é" "és" "somos" "sois"
#> [8] "são" "era" "eram" "éramos" "serei" "será" "serão"
#> [15] "serás" "fui" "foste" "foi" "fomos" "fostes" "foram"
#> [22] "era" "eras" "era" "éramos" "éreis" "eram" "serei"
#> [29] "serás" "será" "seremos" "sereis" "serão" "seja" "sejam"
# or shorter
gen_stopwords("pt", "V", vec = "list")$V$ser
#> [1] "ser" "sou" "sois" "é" "és" "somos" "sois"
#> [8] "são" "era" "eram" "éramos" "serei" "será" "serão"
#> [15] "serás" "fui" "foste" "foi" "fomos" "fostes" "foram"
#> [22] "era" "eras" "era" "éramos" "éreis" "eram" "serei"
#> [29] "serás" "será" "seremos" "sereis" "serão" "seja" "sejam"It is possible to add new words to the stopwords in two ways:
gen_stopwords("en", "CC", add = c("word1", "word2"))
#> [1] "and" "but" "or" "for" "yet" "so" "word1" "word2"
gen_stopwords("en", "CC", add = s2v("word1 word2 word3"))
#> [1] "and" "but" "or" "for" "yet" "so" "word1" "word2" "word3"To see all the categories and its respective terms, run the following code
show_sw("en")
#> $IN
#> [1] "of" "for" "in" "by"
#>
#> $DT
#> [1] "a" "the" "this"
#>
#> $CC
#> [1] "and" "but" "or" "for" "yet" "so"
#>
#> $CD
#> [1] "zero" "one" "two" "three" "four" "five" "first"
#> [8] "second" "third" "fourth" "fifth" "sixth" "seventh" "eighth"
#> [15] "ninth" "tenth"
#>
#> $JJ
#> [1] "blue" "happy" "sad"
#>
#> $JJR
#> [1] "bluer" "happier"
#>
#> $JJS
#> [1] "bluest" "happiest"
#>
#> $MD
#> [1] "could" "will"
#>
#> $PP
#> [1] "I" "you" "he" "she" "it" "we"
#>
#> $PRP
#> [1] "I" "you" "he" "she" "we" "us" "they"
#>
#> $PPZ
#> [1] "your" "my" "mine" "ours" "his" "her"
#>
#> $RB
#> [1] "however" "usually" "naturally" "here" "good"
#>
#> $RBR
#> [1] "better"
#>
#> $UH
#> [1] "aha" "uhu"
#>
#> $RP
#> [1] "up" "off"
#>
#> $V
#> [1] "am" "are" "is" "be" "can" "could" "did" "do" "have"
#> [10] "he" "is" "it" "may" "might" "must" "need" "no" "not"
#> [19] "now" "of" "on" "or" "she" "that" "the" "to" "was"
#> [28] "were"
#>
#> $question
#> [1] "what" "when" "where" "who" "whom" "why" "how" "would" "could"
#>
#> $conclusion
#> [1] "because" "therefore" "furthermore" "so"
#>
#> $time
#> $time$month
#> [1] "January" "February" "March" "April" "May" "June"
#> [7] "July" "August" "September" "October" "November" "December"
#>
#> $time$time
#> [1] "today" "tomorrow" "yesterday" "now" "later" "sooner"
#> [7] "during" "after" "before" "meanwhile"
#>
#>
#> $PT
#> [1] "Mr." "Mrs." "Miss" "Ms." "Sir" "Madam" "Dr." "Prof."
#>
#> $`non-classified-yet`
#> [1] "if" "at" "as" "like"
#> [5] "there" "these" "all" "some"
#> [9] "most" "many" "more" "few"
#> [13] "such" "let" "even" "according"
#> [17] "with" "since" "our" "put"
#> [21] "over" "you've" "we've" "they'd"
#> [25] "i'd" "you'd" "he'd" "she'd"
#> [29] "we'd" "they'dfmyself" "ourselves" "yours"
#> [33] "yourself" "yourselves" "him" "himself"
#>
#> $added
#> character(0)
show_sw("en", as_vector = TRUE)
#> [1] "a" "according" "after" "aha"
#> [5] "all" "am" "and" "April"
#> [9] "are" "as" "at" "August"
#> [13] "be" "because" "before" "better"
#> [17] "blue" "bluer" "bluest" "but"
#> [21] "by" "can" "could" "December"
#> [25] "did" "do" "Dr." "during"
#> [29] "eighth" "even" "February" "few"
#> [33] "fifth" "first" "five" "for"
#> [37] "four" "fourth" "furthermore" "good"
#> [41] "happier" "happiest" "happy" "have"
#> [45] "he" "he'd" "her" "here"
#> [49] "him" "himself" "his" "how"
#> [53] "however" "I" "i'd" "if"
#> [57] "in" "is" "it" "January"
#> [61] "July" "June" "later" "let"
#> [65] "like" "Madam" "many" "March"
#> [69] "may" "May" "meanwhile" "might"
#> [73] "mine" "Miss" "more" "most"
#> [77] "Mr." "Mrs." "Ms." "must"
#> [81] "my" "naturally" "need" "ninth"
#> [85] "no" "not" "November" "now"
#> [89] "October" "of" "off" "on"
#> [93] "one" "or" "our" "ours"
#> [97] "ourselves" "over" "Prof." "put"
#> [101] "sad" "second" "September" "seventh"
#> [105] "she" "she'd" "since" "Sir"
#> [109] "sixth" "so" "some" "sooner"
#> [113] "such" "tenth" "that" "the"
#> [117] "there" "therefore" "these" "they"
#> [121] "they'd" "they'dfmyself" "third" "this"
#> [125] "three" "to" "today" "tomorrow"
#> [129] "two" "uhu" "up" "us"
#> [133] "usually" "was" "we" "we'd"
#> [137] "we've" "were" "what" "when"
#> [141] "where" "who" "whom" "why"
#> [145] "will" "with" "would" "yesterday"
#> [149] "yet" "you" "you'd" "you've"
#> [153] "your" "yours" "yourself" "yourselves"
#> [157] "zero"
show_sw("pt", as_vector = TRUE)
#> [1] "a" "à" "agora"
#> [4] "ah" "ai" "além"
#> [7] "algum" "alguma" "algumas"
#> [10] "alguns" "ambos" "ao"
#> [13] "após" "aquela" "aquelas"
#> [16] "aquele" "aqueles" "aqui"
#> [19] "as" "assim" "bilionésimo"
#> [22] "bosta" "cabe" "caralho"
#> [25] "caramba" "cem" "centésimo"
#> [28] "cinco" "cinquenta" "clique"
#> [31] "cocô" "com" "como"
#> [34] "concluindo" "Conclusão" "conosco"
#> [37] "consectário" "consequentemente" "consigo"
#> [40] "convosco" "credo" "da"
#> [43] "das" "de" "décimo"
#> [46] "decorre" "dela" "delas"
#> [49] "dele" "deles" "depreende-se"
#> [52] "desde" "desse modo" "dez"
#> [55] "dezenove" "dezesseis" "dezessete"
#> [58] "dezoito" "diante" "do"
#> [61] "dois" "dos" "Doutor"
#> [64] "Doutora" "Doutores" "doze"
#> [67] "Dr." "Dra." "duas"
#> [70] "ducentésimo" "duzentos" "e"
#> [73] "é" "eh" "ei"
#> [76] "ela" "elas" "ele"
#> [79] "eles" "em" "em suma"
#> [82] "em vista disso" "embora" "enfim"
#> [85] "enquanto" "então" "entenda"
#> [88] "entre" "era" "eram"
#> [91] "éramos" "eras" "éreis"
#> [94] "és" "essa" "essas"
#> [97] "esse" "esses" "esta"
#> [100] "está" "estais" "estamos"
#> [103] "estão" "estar" "estará"
#> [106] "estarão" "estarás" "estarei"
#> [109] "estareis" "estaremos" "estas"
#> [112] "estás" "estava" "estavam"
#> [115] "estávamos" "estavas" "estáveis"
#> [118] "este" "esteja" "estejam"
#> [121] "estes" "esteve" "estive"
#> [124] "estivemos" "estiveram" "estiveste"
#> [127] "estivestes" "estou" "eu"
#> [130] "Excelentíssima" "Excelentíssimo" "Excelentíssimos"
#> [133] "Exmo." "Exmos." "finalmente"
#> [136] "fiu" "foi" "fomos"
#> [139] "foram" "foste" "fostes"
#> [142] "fui" "há" "haja"
#> [145] "hajam" "hão" "hás"
#> [148] "haveis" "havemos" "haver"
#> [151] "haverá" "haverão" "haverás"
#> [154] "haverei" "havereis" "haveremos"
#> [157] "haveria" "haveriam" "havia"
#> [160] "haviam" "havíamos" "havias"
#> [163] "havíeis" "hei" "hoje"
#> [166] "houve" "houver" "houvera"
#> [169] "houveram" "houverdes" "houverem"
#> [172] "houveres" "houvermos" "houvesse"
#> [175] "ir" "isso" "isto"
#> [178] "lhe" "logo" "mais"
#> [181] "mas" "me" "meo"
#> [184] "merda" "mesmo" "meu"
#> [187] "milésimo" "milionésimo" "mim"
#> [190] "na" "não" "naquela"
#> [193] "naquelas" "naquele" "naqueles"
#> [196] "né" "neh" "nessa"
#> [199] "nessas" "nesse" "nesses"
#> [202] "nesta" "nestas" "neste"
#> [205] "nestes" "nisso" "nisto"
#> [208] "no" "nonagésimo" "nongentésimo"
#> [211] "nono" "nos" "nós"
#> [214] "nossa" "nossas" "nosso"
#> [217] "nossos" "nove" "noventa"
#> [220] "o" "octingentésimo" "octogésimo"
#> [223] "oh" "oitavo" "oitenta"
#> [226] "oito" "onze" "opa"
#> [229] "os" "ou" "ou seja"
#> [232] "para" "passo" "pois"
#> [235] "por" "por isso" "por que"
#> [238] "por quê" "porque" "porquê"
#> [241] "porra" "portanto" "pqp"
#> [244] "primeiro" "psiu" "quadrigésimo"
#> [247] "quadringentésimo" "qual" "quando"
#> [250] "quarenta" "quarto" "quatorze"
#> [253] "quatro" "que" "quem"
#> [256] "quingentésimo" "quinquagésimo" "quinto"
#> [259] "quinze" "Rev.ma" "são"
#> [262] "se" "segue-se" "segundo"
#> [265] "seis" "seiscentésimo" "seja"
#> [268] "sejam" "sem" "Senhor"
#> [271] "Senhoras" "Senhores" "septingentésimo"
#> [274] "septuagésimo" "ser" "será"
#> [277] "serão" "serás" "serei"
#> [280] "sereis" "seremos" "sessenta"
#> [283] "sete" "setenta" "sétimo"
#> [286] "setingentésimo" "setuagésimo" "seu"
#> [289] "sexagésimo" "sexcentésimo" "sexto"
#> [292] "si" "sobre" "sois"
#> [295] "somos" "sou" "Sr."
#> [298] "Sra." "sua" "também"
#> [301] "te" "têem" "tem"
#> [304] "têm" "temos" "tendes"
#> [307] "tenham" "tenho" "tens"
#> [310] "ter" "terá" "terão"
#> [313] "terás" "terceiro" "terei"
#> [316] "tereis" "teremos" "teria"
#> [319] "teriam" "teu" "teve"
#> [322] "ti" "tinha" "tinham"
#> [325] "tínhamos" "tinhas" "tínheis"
#> [328] "tive" "tivemos" "tiveram"
#> [331] "tiveste" "tivestes" "todos"
#> [334] "trecentésimo" "tres" "três"
#> [337] "treze" "trezentos" "trigésimo"
#> [340] "trinta" "tu" "uhu"
#> [343] "ui" "um" "uma"
#> [346] "uou" "use" "V.A."
#> [349] "V.Ex." "V.Ex.a" "V.Ex.as"
#> [352] "V.Mag" "V.S." "V.S.a"
#> [355] "vai" "vais" "vamos"
#> [358] "veja" "vigésimo" "vinte"
#> [361] "você" "vocês" "vos"
#> [364] "vós" "vou" "vtnc"
#> [367] "VV.AA." "wow"